SCALP

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SCALP

The scalp represents the soft tissue covering the scull cap.

Extension

It extends from the eye brow infront the superior nuchal line behind and between the temporal lines of both sides.

Layers of the scalp:

1-Skin.
2-connective subcutaneous tissue(superfacial fascia):
   consists of dense fibrous tissue
    The dense nature of the fascia is responsible for the following:
     it doesn't allow any fluid accumulation.
     acut wound in it does not gap unless it involves the underlying aponeurosis.
It is adherent to the overlying and the underlying layers.
It contains the vessels and nerves of the scalp.
The walls of the vessels and nerves of the scalp.
The walls of vessels are firmly attached to the tissues so a cut vessel in it cannot 
     retract and leads to profuse bleeding.
3- Aponeurosis of the occipitofrontalis muscle
    The muscle consists of two frontal and two occipital bellies connected together by the epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica).

4-Loose areolar tissue:
It is asubaponeurotic layer and is traversed by emmissary viens which passes from the scalp to the skull.
this layer is called dangerous area of the scalp because infection can spread to the cranial cavity via the emissary veins.

5- Pericranium
It's the outer periosteum of the skull vault.
It fuses with the sutural ligaments at the lines of the sutures and it is continuous with the endosteum on the inner surface of the skull.



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